经鼻给予抗ICAM-1抗体对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨经鼻腔给予抗细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)单克隆抗体(单抗)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 将30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血再灌注组及脑缺血再灌注+经鼻给予高、中、低剂量抗ICAM-1单抗干预组.采用插线法制作局灶脑缺血再灌注模型.各干预组于缺血1 h经鼻给予抗ICAM-1单抗,再灌24 h后取脑行冠状切片.采用TTC、HE及免疫组化染色法测定脑梗死体积及免疫组化阳性区占总面积比.结果 缺血再灌注组脑标本均可见缺血侧的脑膜充血,脑组织肿胀;单纯脑缺血再灌注组及低、中、高抗ICAM-1单抗干预组脑梗死体积(以像素值表示)分别为57 042±12 483、32 871±4 325、25 932±3 103和15 325±3 356,免疫组化阳性区面积占总面积比分别为(6.64±0.476)%、(5.15±0.987)%、(4.36±0.682)%和(3.42±0.537)%,各组间差异均有统计学意义.结论 (1)脑缺血再灌注可使脑组织ICAM-1表达显著增高;(2)经鼻腔给予抗ICAM-1单抗可有效降低脑组织ICAM-1的表达,缩小脑梗死体积;(3)经鼻腔给予抗ICAM-1单抗的剂量同脑梗死体积呈负相关;(4)脑缺血再灌注时ICAM-1免疫组化阳性区面积比与脑梗死体积呈正相关.     

Cerebral autoregulation is preserved in multiple system atrophy: A transcranial Doppler study.

Patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) present large changes in blood pressure (BP) due to autonomic disturbances. We analyzed how this change may influence dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA). Simultaneous recordings of arterial BP (Finapres) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity (BFV) (transcranial Doppler) were performed in 10 patients with MSA (61 +/- 12 yr of age) and 12 healthy volunteers (61 +/- 11 yr of age): cerebral BFV response to oscillations in mean BP was studied in the supine position by cross-spectral analysis of mean BP and mean MCA BFV. The DCA was also studied during the decrease in BP the first seconds when standing up from a sitting position by the assessment of the cerebrovascular resistance index (CR; mean BP/mean MCA BFV ratio). The MCA BFV/BP cross-spectral analysis showed a phase for the mid-frequency band (0.07-0.2 Hz) significantly larger in MSA, suggesting more active autoregulation in response to larger changes in BP. Changes in CR reflecting the rate of autoregulation, when standing did not differ between the two groups. These data suggest that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is preserved in MSA.     

前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈动脉斑块及其稳定性与血流壁切应力的关系

目的通过探讨前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈总动脉分叉处血流壁切应力的水平分析其在颈动脉斑块形成过程中的影响。方法本研究选择前循环缺血性卒中老年患者,应用经皮血管彩超测量颈动脉斑块及其稳定性以及对研究对象测量患侧颈动脉血流速度、血管内径和血液粘滞度,通过公式计算血流壁切应力。结果无斑块组和有斑块组之间、高回声和低回声斑块组之间血流壁切应力均有显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论血流壁低切应力促进颈动脉斑块、尤其是不稳定斑块的形成。     

冠状动脉瘘的诊治及新进展

冠状动脉瘘是一种罕见的冠状动脉畸形,绝大多数属于先天性畸形,极少数可由后天因素引起。由于冠状动脉血流向有关心腔、血管异常分流,导致引流部位负荷加重、瘘远端心肌缺血而引起相应临床症状。目前,绝大多数冠状动脉瘘已能由超声心动图明确诊断并可经内科介入技术或外科手术治愈。     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒运转体A1与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系

目的 探讨三磷酸腺苷结合盒运转体A1(ATP binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)在人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达变化及作用机制.方法 收集24例人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块标本和10例肠系膜动脉标本(对照组),采用RT-PCR测定ABCA1 mRNA和视黄酸X受体α(RXRα)mRNA表达水平,并采用Western Blot检测ABCA1及RXRα的蛋白表达水平.24例人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块标本按病理分级,比较病理组织为Ⅲ级和Ⅰ级动脉粥样硬化组织间ABCA1 mRNA、RXRαmRNA表达水平及蛋白表达水平.结果 颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组的ABCA1 mRNA(0.79±0.04)和RXRα mRNA(0.73±0.04)表达与对照组相比上调,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);ABCA1 mRNA与RXRα mRNA增加水平相关(P＜0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的ABCA1蛋白表达(0.22±0.03)下调水平与对照组(0.53±0.03)相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ⅲ级和Ⅰ级动脉硬化斑块ABCA1mRNA、RXRα mRNA及蛋白表达水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ABCA1及RXRα蛋白表达水平下调可能是进展性动脉粥样硬化损害的关键因素.     

3种不同支气管动脉栓塞方法治疗大咯血的疗效比较

目的 探讨3种不同支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床价值，观察不同的栓塞物质和栓塞方式对大咯血治疗的临床效果及与并发症的关系。方法 93例大咯血病例，26例行单纯明胶海绵栓塞，30例行夹心面包法栓塞，37例行四重夹心面包法栓塞。所有病例随访6～24个月。结果 3组病例近期（6个月内）有效率：单纯明胶海绵栓塞92％（24／26），夹心面包法栓塞100％（30／30），四重夹心面包法栓塞100％（37／37）；远期疗效（6-24个月）单纯明胶海绵栓塞和夹心面包法栓塞均有复发病例，四重夹心面包法栓塞无复发病例。结论 四重夹心面包法支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的一种简便、创伤小，且高效的治疗手段。     

创伤性迟发性颅内血肿的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨创伤性、迟发性颅内血肿的早期诊断和治疗的临床效果。方法 对22例病人的发病年龄、性别、伤因、早期诊断和治疗效果进行了回顾性分析。经过2—6个月，按GOS评定治疗效果。结果 良好者12例，中残者5例，重残者1例，植物生存者1例，死亡者3例，死亡率为14％。结论 早期诊断和治疗本病对于提高治愈率和降低死亡率至关重要，早期手术治疗本病，乃是多数病人首选的治疗方法。     

冠心病患者肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的超声检测

目的 利用高频超声评价冠心病（CAD）患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）及其临床意义。方法 对113例连续冠脉造影（CAG）受检者术前行高频超声检查肱动脉EDD，并对两种检查结果进行相关性分析。结果 冠脉狭窄组、急性心肌梗死（AMI）组肱动脉EDD明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；AMI组EDD显著低于心肌缺血组（P〈0．01）。结论CAD患者的EDD明显降低。     

Coronary endarterectomy on beating heart: Our experience

Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) associated with Endarterectomy is a high risk procedure. After the first report of coronary endarterectomy by Bailey et al in 1951, the preference for this surgical procedure was decreased due to increased morbidity and mortality In patients with total or subtotal large coronary artery obstructions in which there is no possibility to receive a conduit as graft for myocardial revascularisation, endarterectomy remains the procedure of choice. This study was designed to study early and midterm results of off pump coronary artery endarterectomy. Methods Of 172 Consecutive Off Pump CABG done at our institution from Jan 2003 to July 2005, 22 patients underwent supplementary coronary endarterectomy. 16 patients had chronic stable angina 4 had unstable angina two required emergency CABG with endarterectomy following perioperative infarction. The mean ejection fraction was 29.2±4.3 and all of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) III or IV. All patients were planned for complete total arterial revascularisation using Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA). Right Internal Mammary Artery (RIMA), Radial composite “Y” graft, Two patients operated for periop infarct received vein graft. In 16 patients closed endarterectomy was done in five patients double endarterectomy in single vessel was done to chase the plaque distally, in one patient open left anterior descending (LAD) endarterectomy with vein patch reconstruction was performed. Results There were no deaths. None of the procedures were converted to on pump operation. All endarterectomies and bypasses were performed on Beating Heart, all patients were completely revascularised. Peri operative cardiac enzymes studied showed no significant rise in the Creatinine Phoshpokinase (CPK)-Creatinine Phosphokinase myocardial Band (CPK-MB). The mean postoperative Ejection Fraction (EF) was 36.7%±7.2% which was significantly higher than the Preoperative one (p<.05). At the end of four months to one and half year 22 patients were in NYHA class I to II and all were angina free in canadian cardiovascular society class.f Conclusions Coronary End Arterectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass can be performed in patients who are expected to benefit from complete revascularisation. It can be performed with closed as well as open method. However to achieve complete endarterectomy by closed technique in some patients it is essential to chase the plaque. Early and mid term results are encouraging.